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Argemone glauca

(Nutt. ex Prain) Pope (1929)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Ranunculopsida Order: Ranunculales Family: Papaveraceae Genus: Argemone

kala, naule, pōkalakala [pokalakala], pua kala

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect, glaucous perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems somewhat woody at base, 7–15 dm long, branches suberect, usually moderately to densely covered with yellow, sharp, stiff prickles, bright yellow latex.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–elliptic, pinnately deeply lobed ca. ½–¾ to midrib, 8–21 cm long, 6–11 cm wide. Base sessile. Surfaces conspicuously glaucous, both surfaces usually with prickles on veins, these sometimes absent (Ka & H), margin teeth tipped with prickles. Margins irregularly sinuate–dentate. Petioles absent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers terminal, solitary. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic, buds oblong, 1.6–2.4 cm long, smooth or prickly. Calyx of (2)3(–6) sepals, each with a subterminal horn tipped by a prickle, horns subterete, 3–5(–7) mm long, caducous. Corolla of 6 petals, white, broadly obovate, distinct, 3–5.5 cm long. Stamens ca. 70–80; filaments pale yellow; anthers linear, coiled after dehiscence, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3–6-carpellate, 1-celled; stigma purple, 3–7-lobed, 2–4 mm long at anthesis.

Fruit: Capsules ovoid to lanceoloid; 3–6 cm long; sparsely to densely covered with prickles 2– 6 mm long. Seeds numerous; blackish brown; dull; subglobose; 2–2.5 mm in diameter; reticulate; endosperm oily.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Coastal dry forest and subalpine forest.

Elevation Range: 0–1,900 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • The seeds and sap of the stalk used as a narcotic and analgesic for toothaches, neuralgia and ulcers; sap also used to treat warts (Krauss 1993:102).

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • Easy. Seeds sprout in Fall, transplant to individual pots after 2nd/3rd true leaves develop, avoid overwatering, flowers after 3 months, after primary stalks have aged cut them back & new shoots emerge; rapid sprouting leads to containment problem (Culliney and Koebele 1999:134–136).

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Endemic
Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Kaho'olawe Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • All parts containing sap, stems/leaves/roots, have unknown array of alkaloids that will cause irritation, visual disturbances, fainting, coma, and possibly death

Bibliography

Name Published In: Man. Wayside Pl. Hawaii: 71 (1929)

Other References

Poisonous Plants of Paradise (Scott and Thomas) p.75

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Haleakala, along Hwy. 31, between Makena and #37 Rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Krajina, V.J. Collector Number: 620421000 Maui BISH 4/21/1962
2 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: 3514 Oahu BISH
3 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope manana, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 050225-15 Oahu BISH 2/25/2005
4 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Growing at various parts of the Pali Kapu O Keona,. Kealakekua Bay PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. Collector Number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 9/4/1985
5 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 18211 MPM 4/26/1928
6 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Below Pahala, Kau District, growing beside jeep trail in pasture with exotic grasses and shrubs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 842 Hawaii BISH 8/2/1981
7 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope mokulua south, oahu. sheer areeas of north and east sides Remnant dryland forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k. collector number: 050223-14 Hawaii BISH 2/23/2005
8 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope ca. 400 m sw of intersection of roads to lz-1 and lz-3; on s side of road, area recently burned. utm coordinates 751200-2274200 moist ravine PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warren, s. collector number: k-17 Oahu BISH 4/10/1987
9 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Napali Coast State Park, Nualolo Kai, on the North facing slope below wall of the valley. Coastal Cliff Mixed Shrubland on weathered lava wall above Dry Lantana and Pluchea dominant shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 2039 Kauai PTBG 6/13/2009
10 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Mauna Kea Forest Reserve, W slope of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3554 NY 6/12/1997
11 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Oahu Island. Mauna Kea, Road to Hale Pohaka Observatory, off State Road 200 Open scrub disturbed by cattle. Occasional. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN H. T. Beck 1250 NY 8/25/1990
12 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope along mauna kea summit road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener | isa degener 34423 O 7/30/1977
13 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener | isa degener 34,894b O 6/30/1980
14 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope mauna kea forest reserve, w slope of mauna kea Cultivated PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3554 NY 6/12/1997
15 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope LEHUA: southwestern slopes, Cenchrus ciliaris-Setaria verticillata-Portulaca oleracea-Jacquemontia ovalifolia association, with Pluchea indica, P. carolinensis, and Ageratum conyzoides, Chenopodium murale, Waltheria indica, Cenchrus echinatus, and Chloris virgata. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 9306 Lehua PTBG 2/19/2002
16 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Limahuli Garden, Exit Driveway Wall. Cultivated garden area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nicole Shores 66 Kauai PTBG 8/15/2012
17 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Between Kalalau valley and Pohakuao, below Kaaalahina ridge. Mesic coastal cliff. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 4162 Kauai PTBG 3/26/1995
18 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Na Pali coast state park, Milolii valley, on cliffs behind water tank Myoporum shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 23688 Kauai PTBG 9/5/2013
19 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Top SW peak. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 4295 Puu Koae Islet PTBG 6/12/1995
20 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener | isa degener 34,894h FLAS 10/30/1981
21 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Evangeline Funk 13 MACF 3/12/1979
22 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 34894 Oahu US
23 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope oahu island. mauna kea, road to hale pohaka observatory, off state road 200 Open scrub disturbed by cattle. Occasional. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. t. beck 1250 NY 8/25/1990
24 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope nw tip of oahu island, kaena pt. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st. john; cowan, wilbur, webster, krauss 47 PH 11/11/1947
25 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Lawai Valley, National Tropical Botanical Garden. McBryde Native Section Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Dustin Wolkis DMW1182 Kauai PTBG 5/20/2018
26 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope NaPali Coast State Park, just to the Haena side of Crawlers Ledge. Degraded Coastal Strand Community PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 3297 Kauai PTBG 9/5/2012
27 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope KAUAI: Hanalei District; Kalalau Beach Park; above rocks along dry strand; Dry Coastal Alien Veg. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 211 Kauai PTBG 5/20/1989
28 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Napali Coast State Park, Nualolo Kai, on the North facing slope below wall of the valley. Coastal Cliff Mixed Shrubland on weathered lava wall above Dry Lantana and Pluchea dominant shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 2038 Kauai PTBG 6/13/2009
29 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope E. Maui, along Hana Highway east of Kaau. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bob Hobdy 2885 Maui PTBG 6/23/1987
30 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Kauai, Kalalau Valley With Morinda citrifolia and Lantana camara. On rocky beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bruce Hanson 2 SDSU 3/25/1985
31 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Maui Island, haleakala, along highway 31, between makena and #37 road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 620421000 UBC 4/21/1962
32 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Hawaii Is., kealakomo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 660627044 UBC 6/27/1966
33 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Degener's Volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. 34894X Hawaii US 2/8/1981
34 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Degener Volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. 36649 Hawaii US 8/19/1985
35 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Degener, I. 34894b Oahu US 6/1/1980
36 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener 34894b Oahu US
37 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope degener volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener 36649 Hawaii US 8/19/1985
38 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Mauna Kea Forest Reserve, west slope of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable & B. H. Gagn?? 3554 Oahu US 6/12/1997
39 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Puuwaawaa; 1986 burn area (section below Hwy 190) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W. N. 5764 Hawaii US 5/1/1989
40 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope degener's volcano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener 34894x Hawaii US 2/8/1981
41 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope puuwaawaa; 1986 burn area (section below hwy 190) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. n. takeuchi 5764 Maui US
42 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope 1 mi n waikiki, upper auwaiakeakua gulch, south kahola;;;; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewan, j. s.n. YPM 8/10/1967
43 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope volcano Growing on a rock next to Exocarpus sandwicensis; native.; Rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener | isa degener 34,894j WIS 7/19/1982
44 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope below pahala, kau district, Under false kamani and java plum in sandy soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 842 Kauai BISH 8/2/1981
45 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope Kealakoma, plot 31 near road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Krajina, V.J. Collector Number: 660627044 Hawaii BISH 6/27/1966
46 Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope mauna kea (puu laau road) In open mamane-naio forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN engilis jr., a. collector number: 41 Hawaii BISH 8/19/1987
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